Physics · Optics · Light
Convex Lens Experiment
Drag the candle, watch rays bend, and discover how a converging lens forms images. Explore all five standard cases from beyond 2F to inside F.
Beyond 2F — Real, Inverted, Diminished
Parallel Ray
Central Ray
Focal Ray
Labels
Object Distance (u) −30 cm
Focal Length (f) 10 cm
Object Height (h) 3 cm
1
Step Title
Step body goes here.
Observation Table
| # | u (cm) | f (cm) | v (cm) | m | Nature | Orientation | Size |
|---|
Lens Formula
1/f = 1/v − 1/u
Magnification
m = v / u = h' / h
Sign Convention
u negative · f positive
Standard Cases — Convex Lens
Object Beyond 2F
Image forms between F and 2F on other side. Real, Inverted, Diminished. Used in cameras.
Object at 2F
Image forms at 2F on other side. Real, Inverted, Same size. Useful benchmark case.
Object Between F & 2F
Image forms beyond 2F. Real, Inverted, Magnified. Used in projectors.
Object at F
Refracted rays are parallel; image at infinity. Used in searchlights & torches.
Object Inside F
Image forms on same side as object. Virtual, Erect, Magnified. Used as magnifying glass.